The Senior Leader Course (SLC) is a branch-specific course that provides an opportunity for Soldiers selected for promotion to sergeant first class to acquire the leader, technical, and tactical skills, knowledge, and experience needed to lead platoon- and company-size units. RSLC students typically consist of infantrymen assigned to battalion scout platoons, cavalry scouts assigned to light or airborne formations, and service members in other branches assigned to reconnaissance organizations. The PSYOP SLC hones a PSYOP NCO’s expertise in influence and persuasion by expounding upon proven theories of psychology and the methodology of producing measurable results within full-spectrum operations. RECOMMENDED COA Modifications or Adjustments from start of brief X0. Below is a full listing of SOCoE courses. Forces Korea, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, U.S. Army Garrison-Humphreys, Korea. Likewise, a Civil Affairs Team tasked with conducting CA operations across an entire country or province must also be agile and able to understand a dynamic operational environment, at times without direct guidance from a commander. Other differences include the amount of time spent on other tactical skills, such as communications. Too wide an aperture when conducting reconnaissance can lend itself towards damaging rather than improving the quality of information. PIRs that do exist will normally be fixated on identifying major changes to the operational environment and transitions in the phases of competition, such as identifying a shift from Phase 0 to crisis response or open warfare. The primary difference between each course is the type of reconnaissance practiced and the associated techniques, tactics, and procedures (TTPs). The SLC concludes with a robust CPX in which the students are required to test their skills and knowledge in the development of a strategic MISO program as staff planners. Erin J. Mendenhall is the 36th mayor of Salt Lake City. GeneralSchedule.org provides a one-stop source for current and past year General Schedule pay tables, locality adjustment rates, an interactive pay calculator, and more resources to help you understand your compensation as a Federal employee. The Psychological Operations Senior Leaders Course (SLC) prepares the senior NCO in the Psychological Operations branch to assume positions of greater responsibility. To receive FRV coverage, a claimant must give the Transportation Service Provider (TSP) notice of loss and damage within 75 days of the delivery, and file a claim directly with the TSP within 9 months of the delivery. Deriving Your Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR). Our doctrine supports this ambiguity “The commander may assign the force conducting CR specific guidance based on the current COP; however, specific mission details should be left to the discretion of the CA team unit executing the CR, as long as they are focused through the civil information collection plan and meet the commander’s intent.” [5] As a result, Civil Affairs forces need to find ways to answer PIR without compromising their permissions or authorities, and in some cases, the capability to understand and to create their own PIRs. On the other hand, SLC offers familiarization on these topics but does not provide in-depth practical application outside of vehicle and dismounted very high frequency (VHF) communications. MILITARY OPERATIONS PLANNED, SUPPORTED, EXECUTED, OR TRANSITIONED BY CA FORCES THROUGH, WITH, OR BY THE INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS (IPI), … In contrast, RSLC focuses primarily on dismounted area reconnaissance. It is designed to produce senior ARSOF leaders trained and educated to win on today’s battlefield, and to be adaptable and fully prepared to succeed on future national security challenges. Strengthening the Corps to Secure the Victory, Scouts Out: What CA should know about Army Recon Courses. With too wide an aperture, CR runs the risk of reporting information that actually hinders rather than helps decision-makers. CA leaders have also pointed to courses, such as the RSLC and SLC which already exist for reconnaissance practitioners. Unlike Armor and Infantry reconnaissance, targeted PIRs are something Civil Affairs forces are not always given. Taught at Fort Benning, Georgia SLC and RSLC offer two different approaches to reconnaissance training. Strength and work capacity are employed for full body durability as the soldier prepares for beyond the training pipeline. Retirement Document Processing They are skilled at the tactical level and capable of executing Civil Affairs core tasks. Civil Secretariat, UT Ladakh Dated:- 18.12.2020 Subject: Constitution of UT Level Committee (SLC) for implementation of Prime Minister's New 15 point program for welfare of minorities under Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakaram (PMJVK) Scheme in Union Territory of Ladakh. As a result of this incongruence, CA forces will rarely be given a clear prioritization of information for the Civil Environment. The Civil Affairs Senior Leader Course trains NCOs to be capable of planning, executing and transitioning Civil Affairs operations across the range of military operations. core foundational knowledge and is tied directly to courses for the different levels of NCOPDS and promotion eligibility. • Graduates of the ARSOF BLC are automatically enrolled into SSD-2 upon completion of BLC and start of the Q-Course. The type of planning practiced by students in each course also differs. A new L1C civil signal, which is compatible with international global navigation satellite systems, like Europe's Galileo, to improve civilian user connectivity. The MOS phase, which lasts 8 weeks, trains officers and non-commissioned officers in their respective tactical, technical, and leader skills needed as a member of a CA team. Sept. 29, 2020 - Delta Company, 413th Civil Affairs Battalion, 321st Civil Affairs Brigade, 350th Civil Affairs Command (CACOM), has been selected to receive the Reserve Organization of America’s (ROA) Outstanding U.S. Army Reserve Small Unit Award for 2019. The purpose is to qualify skill level 4 Special Forces NCOs in an advanced level of leadership development, technical training and professional military education to serve in selected leadership and staff positions at the Special Forces Operational Detachment-Alpha, company, battalion and group levels. 40 AUT Students Were Dispatched to Khaf Villages According to Amirkabir University of Technology Public Relations, the purpose of this trip to Khaf villages, Senior figures from across the civil service tell us how the unprecedented 12 months affected them, and look ahead to 2021 18 Dec ‘Seeing colleagues step up at a time of such uncertainty made me very proud’: GDS DG Fiona Deans on 2020 Reference: i) Guidelines for implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas He replaces Malcolm Dawson, who joined the Land Registry in 2008 and became chief exec in 2011 on a fixed-term contract. The establishment of the Department of Civil Engineering coincided with the foundation of Amirkabir University in 1959, but its activities goes back to 1952 as the Institute of Road and Construction Engineering. Between the two, however, the authors would recommend SLC over RSLC for its focus on planning and zone reconnaissance. 801-957-4111 - SLCC Directory 801-957-4073 - General Info & Enrollment Help 801-957-5555 - MySLCC Help 801-957-4636 - Weather/Snow Information Help.Desk@slcc.edu - Tech Support. SSD Level 3 is a prerequisite for ATRRS enrollment to the Senior Leader Course (SLC). Civil Affairs forces orient their reconnaissance on “civil aspects of the environment” [7] or the “Human Domain.” Attempts to further define this objective usually involve frameworks such as the civil considerations (ASCOPE) or operational variables (PMESII-PT). Considering the doctrinal differences and planning considerations that set CR apart from the more conventional forms of reconnaissance, there is value in CA Soldiers refining their reconnaissance fundamentals at either RSLC or SLC. The 655th Regional Support Group is on ground at ASA Dix, conducting Pre-deployment Training for Operation Spartan Shield. Remedial investigation studies for groundwater, buildings and soil were initiated in October 2004, … In these ways, RSLC is similar to CR conducted on key pieces of civil infrastructure. Civil Affairs Soldiers apply knowledge of governance, economics, and politics to affect human behavior and work towards strategic goals. AskTOP.net. In this piece, CPTs Garcia and Moriarty—both former Cavalry officers now serving in Civil Affairs—explore potential applications and limitations of the Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course (RSLC) and the Scout Leaders Course (SLC) to Civil Reconnaissance (CR). • SSG must complete SSD-3 before they are eligible for consideration for SFC. The Soldiers of the 655th are based out of Westover ARB, Massachusetts and are commanded by COL Jimmey W. Todd JR and CSM Daniel Buckley. As a result, SLC emphasizes order production, planning, and agile thinking. Graduates of the Senior Leaders Course will return to their units as multi-dimensional special operators, polished planners and astute leaders. Copyright © 2020 Civil Affairs Association. The Master Leader Course produces competent senior noncommissioned officers who maintain a positive presence and who are self-aware, adaptive, and able to shape the joint operational environment. St. Lawrence County will be temporarily closing the HB Smith Building, located at 6 Judson Street in Canton. Both RSLC and SLC challenge reconnaissance leaders to think critically and adapt in different ways, each with unique applications to a CA Soldier planning and executing CR. Unit Supply Specialist SLC Students, Class 15-002 Learn mos civil affairs with free interactive flashcards. These frameworks lend a semblance of structure to this otherwise nebulous objective. Exhibit stability in personal affairs IAW AR 600-20, including, but not limited to, being able to receive and retain a government credit card/travel card, and single parents must have a feasible Family Care Plan (FCP). Civil Affairs Specialist . Sport Management and Motor Behavior. “All forms of reconnaissance, conducted by the fundamentals of reconnaissance, develop PIR and intelligence that allow the commander and staff to understand and visualize the environment, develop the situation, create options, and identify opportunities for the commander to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative.” [2]. The odds of CA soldiers putting on a ghillie suit or maneuvering a platoon of Strykers are extremely low. Email us if you are not sure. The 95th Civil Affairs Brigade has already begun conducting a CR course to educate Soldiers on key reconnaissance concepts. The national average salary for a Civil Affairs is $76,540 in United States. Najaf Aghaei. The security accreditation level of this site is UNCLASSIFIED and below. CSRS/FERS- Civil Service Retirement System/Federal Employees Retirement System. CA senior leaders must be responsive to asymmetrical challenges, … General Economic Affairs. Release December 11, 2020. Despite different TTPs and types of platforms used, both schools provide an excellent education for those looking to improve reconnaissance fundamentals. Due to its home within the Armor School, SLC provides training and instruction on mounted operations, utilizing Humvees and Strykers to enable students the opportunity to execute zone reconnaissance missions. RSLC and SLC both focus on teaching students how to deliberately plan reconnaissance operations. SSD Level 4 is a prerequisite for ATRRS enrollment to the Sergeants Major Course (SMC). The General Schedule (GS) Payscale is a worldwide pay system that covers more than 1.5 million civilian employees of the United States government. FEHB- Federal Employee Health Benefits. Core Role 1: Cross-mission representation, monitoring and facilitation at the local level In a complex and dangerous world, it is now widely understood that local populations are a critical part of all military operations. RSLC puts a premium on training communication systems. Develop confident and competent Engineer Platoon Sergeants, through demanding tactical, technical, and Army values-based training, enabling them to assure the mobility, freedom of action, and protection of the forces they support. • SLC must be completed before SSD-4 can be initiated. Filter by location to see Civil Affairs salaries in your area. • SFC must complete SSD-4 before they are eligible for consideration for master sergeant. A large part of that planning is the selection of a Reconnaissance Objective based on the Commander's PIRs. While RSLC and SLC provide many valuable lessons and training in the planning and conduct of reconnaissance, they are not a cure-all when it comes to conducting CR. Answering the question of which corridor enables a commander to make a decision, and therefore constitutes a PIR. SALT LAKE CITY (KUTV) — Efforts have gained momentum to improve transit service between southern Davis County and Salt Lake County. The Psychological Operations Advanced Leaders Course prepares the junior NCO in the Psychological Operations branch to assume positions of greater responsibility. 15. Civil Engineering. The authors discuss how these courses can prepare Civil Affairs (CA) practitioners to conduct effective CR, while outlining some of the challenges of wholesale application of these courses to CR. During the course, students participate in a Military Information Support Operations staff training exercise and a culmination planning exercise in order to allow them to practically apply and build confidence in their newly acquired staff planning skills. Campus Locations and Hours The ALC also hones their skills in the art of influence in order to shape the information landscape in support of the U.S and partner nation goals. [1], —FM 3-98 Reconnaissance and Security Operations. School of Petroleum, Civil & Mining Engineering CAREER PROSPECTS: Graduates play important roles in supplying raw and refined material to food and defense industries, welfare affairs (i.e. Seyed Saeed Rasi Nezami Dr Mohammad Ebrahim Aghababaei. Research & Center of … Institutionally, the Civil Register is unique. Graduates are effective communicators capable of expressing themselves professionally through writing and speaking, able to think critically and creatively to identify, analyze, and solve complex problems, and readily adapt to operate in volatile, unknown, complex, and ambiguous environments. The senior noncommissioned officer works through and with indigenous populations and institutions at the tactical level across the full spectrum of coalition, combined, joint, interagency, intergovernmental and multinational operations in support of the CA mission. Salt Lake City Consumer Protection. The Senior Leader Course (SLC) is a branch-specific course that provides an opportunity for Soldiers selected for promotion to sergeant first class to acquire the leader, technical, and tactical skills, knowledge, and experience needed to lead platoon- and … Starting at SLCC is easy. Civil Affairs and MP updates if available. Erin came to Salt Lake with her family when she was 7 years old, and after losing her father to cancer at age 13, Erin graduated from Alta High School and enrolled at the University of Utah. The U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, The Special Operations Center of Excellence, assesses, selects, trains and educates disciplined Civil Affairs, Psychological Operations and Special Forces warriors and leaders, and develops doctrine and capabilities to support the full range of military operations — providing our nation with a highly educated, innovative and adaptive force. All rights reserved. Just fill out the online application, and you're on your way. As an Army Reconnaissance force, you are inherently tasked to “answer PIR and enable the commander to make decisions and direct forces to achieve mission success,” [3] but as a CA element, you “must not be tasked as active collectors of threat information.” [4] Balancing these two can often be a near no-win scenario. He is currently serving as the Team Leader for CAT 312. ), agriculture, dam construction, energy generation and so on. Civil Affairs Assessment and Selection (5D-F11/570-F24) Psychological Operations Assessment and Selection (5E-F1/234-F41) 3 rd BN 1 st SWTG (A) Civil Affairs (Active Army) Pathway. Name. Choose from 103 different sets of civil affairs flashcards on Quizlet. Employee Salary Calculation. Sept. 29, 2020 - Delta Company, 413th Civil Affairs Battalion, 321st Civil Affairs Brigade, 350th Civil Affairs Command (CACOM), has been selected to receive the Reserve Organization of America’s (ROA) Outstanding U.S. Army Reserve Small Unit Award for 2019. Salt Lake City Consumer Protection is a local government program dedicated to the idea that Salt Lake City consumers have the right to a sense of security about the products and services they spend their hard-earned money on. SENIOR LEADER COURSE (SLC) Prepare To Become A Sergeant First Class. Administrative, Financial And Resource Development Education and Postgraduate Study Research and Technology Student Affairs Social and Cultural Affairs . Please scroll through the list of courses to determine prerequisites and other information pertinent to your attendance at courses sponsored by the MSG David K. Thuma Noncommissioned Officer Academy. RSLC and SLC both require a significant degree of translation for Civil Affairs soldiers to apply to their career field properly. Objectives often include specific locations, such as an assembly area for enemy forces, a weapons cache, or a single building within a MOUT site. 525th MI BDE Sponsorship; XVIII Airborne Corps OSJA. Bandwidth, both electromagnetic and mental, must be reserved for important information. The U.S. Army Special Operations Center of Excellence Academic Handbook is a complete listing of SOCoE courses, including course number, class size, upcoming report dates, location, course duration, prerequisites and course descriptions. Former SLC Airport Director Arrested for Possessing Over 50,000 Files of Child Pornography May 21, 2020; Utah Attorney General’s Office Delivers PPE to Over 100 Agencies in Utah May 21, 2020; Celebrating Asian Pacific American Heritage Month May 19, 2020; Remembering Our … Modern Army Civil Affairs dates back to World War II, when the Army organized units to address the needs of the local population during and immediately after combat operations and to implement military government functions in the occupations of post-war Europe and Japan. Academic Position. STEP 2: Submit a completed Demonstration Permit Application. Learn civil affairs with free interactive flashcards. Civil Affairs SLC enhances the skills of the Civil Affairs NCOs and prepares them for assignments at the theater special operations command, brigade combat teams and corps-level headquarters. Considering the doctrinal differences and planning considerations that set CR apart from the more conventional forms of reconnaissance, there is value in CA Soldiers refining their reconnaissance fundamentals at either RSLC or SLC. SLCC South City, Westpointe, Airport, LIbrary Square, Writing Center Campus Closures. DEMO. For the CA professional, applying the course material to CR can help strengthen that Soldier’s ability to think critically and conduct effective and meaningful Civil Reconnaissance. Do not process, store, or transmit any Personally Identifiable Information (PII), UNCLASSIFIED/FOUO or CLASSIFIED information on … Our doctrine supports this ambiguity “The commander may assign the force conducting CR specific guidance based on the current COP; however, specific mission details should be left to the discretion of the CA team unit executing the CR, as long as they are focused through the civil information collection plan and meet the commander’s intent.” [5] As a result, Civil Affairs forces need to find ways to answer PIR without compromising their permissions or authorities, and in some cases, the capability to understand and to create their own PIRs. Civil affairs can be expected to remain at the forefront of the UN response to conflict, and to building the processes, structures, relationships and trust required to assist countries and communities to break the cycle of violence. Later on, in 1984, it was renamed to the Department of Civil and Environment Engineering … Welcome to Fort George G. Meade, Md., an installation dedicated to providing quality support to service members, Department of Defense civilian employees, family members, and military retirees. There is such a thing as too much information. And you’ll be responsible for coordinating, conducting, and participating in the planning and production of civil affairs … COURSE OF ACTION BRIEFING FORMAT. The views expressed are the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the 83rd Civil Affairs Battalion, the 95th Civil Affairs Brigade, the U.S. Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The SF Senior Leader Course is a six-week course offering five starts per year. 83rd Civil Affairs Battalion. The Civil Affairs training pathway consists of four separate courses, lasting a total of approximately 44 weeks. SLC and RSLC will not help in this regard. The Master Leader Course fills the Professional Military Education gap between the Senior Leader Course and the Sergeants Major Course and consists of four Army Learning Areas: Army Leadership and Profession, Human Dimension, Professional Competence, and Mission Command. This building is home to many of the units of the Department of Social Services. Additionally, graduates are effective communicators, critical thinkers, and are well versed in Theater Special Operations Command roles and responsibilities, statutory and funding authorities, legal matters and processes, identity management, G8 (force management) staff and processes, and noncommissioned officer evaluation reports. CAA Members, do we have your most up to date contact info. If all of the observation posts on a Cavalry Squadron screen line reports each detail within their sector, the operations center will quickly become overwhelmed. While this undoubtedly constitutes a PIR, it’s one the CA forces could deploy indefinitely to a region, and never see. [1] FM 3-98 Reconnaissance and Security Operations, 4-38. CPT Moriarty is slated to teach Human Geography at the United States Military Academy in 2023. SLC embraces ambiguity. Ahad Oria: Associate Professor: Civil Engineering. Knowing which maneuver corridor enemy tanks are using may give a commander the time to array their defense effectively and win the battle. Salt Lake City Finance P.O. FEGLI- Federal Employees’ Group Life Insurance. Using these platforms, SLC students plan and execute zone reconnaissance over wide swaths of the Fort Benning training areas. Contents—Continued Military occupational specialty 13F, fire support specialist † 6–11, page 74 Military occupational specialty 13F, professional development model † 6–12, page 75 Military occupational specialty 13F, Reserve Component † 6–13, page 75 Military occupational specialty 13M, multiple launch rocket system/high mobility artillery rocket system crewmember 16. The security accreditation level of this site is UNCLASSIFIED and below. In addition, the leader’s performance is evaluated against the curriculum using core leader competencies, skilled leader attributes and mission command characteristics throughout the course. In accordance with Article 10 of the Civil Register Law, the Civil Register is made up from Municipal Registers by a first instance judge, assisted by the secretary; for Consular Registers, by the Consuls of Spain abroad and by the Central Civil Register. The CA graduate of SLC or RSLC will need to look elsewhere if they seek to know what constitutes a reportable aspect of the civil environment. Since zone reconnaissance missions often cover large geographic areas forward of the main battle zone, cavalry leaders are required to adapt and operate with little guidance. The Value of RSLC and SLC As is the case with any skill set, schooling and education are essential. 18th FA Sponsorship; 20th Engineers Brigade. EN SLC Mission. The primary role of civil affairs specialists is fostering and maintaining communication with civilian aid agencies and act as coordinators in the event of emergencies. THE CIVIL AFFAIRS TRAINING PATHWAY. Military Information Support Operations is one of the most effective non-lethal weapons available to the combatant commanders. Job Overview. DEMO. Training will prepare officers to plan and coordinates mortuary affairs support to military operations and civil mass fatality operations. PIRs and the physical limitations of radio communications help to force improved efficiency of reporting. These elements make SLC quite similar to CR; for a CMSE assigned to an entire province or country, developing a civil information collection plan will often involve discriminating between multiple areas of interest. The secretary, U.S. Air Force, announces the following general officer assignments: Maj. Gen. Brad M. Sullivan will be assigned as chief of staff, U.S. Masoud Abitorabi. RSLC takes a more “recon-push” approach, where reconnaissance forces are deployed deliberately by a commander after a course of action (COA) has been decided on, and are tasked with confirming or denying assumptions upon which the COA was based. Due to power outages and severe weather, SLCC will close the South City, Westpointe, Airport, Library Square, Writing Center campuses at 4:00 p.m. for the remainder of the day. • CMF 18, 37, and 38 students then have until the completion of their respective pipelines to complete SSD-2 in order to receive Student Affairs consists of five offices: Office of Diversity & Campus Engagement, Office of Student Involvement & Leadership, Office of Residence Life, Office of Career Services, and the Office of Community Partnerships. The Army has implemented a web-based professional-development program called Structured Self Development that teaches common Sept. 29, 2020 - Delta Company, 413th Civil Affairs Battalion, 321st Civil Affairs Brigade, 350th Civil Affairs Command (CACOM), has been selected to receive the Reserve Organization of America’s (ROA) Outstanding U.S. Army Reserve Small Unit Award for 2019. Our mission: Provide required services, infrastructure, a safe and secure community, and a quality of life that supports mission readiness and the Fort Meade community. Despite different TTPs and types of platforms used, both schools provide an excellent education for those looking to improve reconnaissance fundamentals. "Discussions SLC held with the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports of Sri Lanka, Honourable Namal Rajapaksa, ended with the decision to honour the commitments made under the FTP. These will likely continue to exist and will require the CA student to think critically and creatively while continuing their education after graduation. He has completed operational deployments in support of NAVCENT. CPT Danny Moriarty is an Active Duty Civil Affairs Officer assigned to the 83rd Civil Affairs Battalion. Students largely operate in a “recon-pull” method, where scouts conduct reconnaissance to inform situational awareness and drive a commander’s decision making. (910) 396-3092, 1st Special Warfare Training Group (A) Courses, Special Warfare Medical Group (A) Courses, Special Forces Warrant Officer Institute Courses, MSG David K. Thuma Noncommissioned Officer Academy, Directorate of Training, Doctrine and Proponency. Bandwidth, both electromagnetic and mental, must be reserved for important information. And the civil affairs branch, until 2007, was a branch open only to Army Reserve officers, a reflection of the branch’s origins during World War II, when it was populated with officers commissioned directly from civil … 62 likes. This is a leadership-centric course focusing on training and administrative tasks, lessons learned, SOF/JOINT/Interagency mission planning, and critical thinking. 83rd CA BN Commander; 83rd CA BN CSM; 18th Field Artillery Brigade. CPT Richard Garcia is an Active Duty Civil Affairs Officer assigned to the 92nd Civil Affairs Battalion. As a Civil Affairs Specialist, you’ll be the link between the Army and local civilians around the world. RSLC, on the other hand, draws its heritage from the Long-Range Surveillance (LRS) units of the past and focuses on small-unit dismounted reconnaissance. He has completed operational deployments in support of SOCEUR. SSD Level 1 is a prerequisite for ATRRS enrollment to the ARSOF Basic Leader Course (BLC). Looking for more documents like this one? Exhibit stability in personal affairs IAW AR 600-20, including, but not limited to, being able to receive and retain a government credit card/travel card, and single parents must have a feasible Family Care Plan (FCP). • SPC/CPL must complete SSD-1 before they can be recommended (boarded) to SGT. That being said, RSLC’s curriculum provides challenging applications of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield that test students’ planning and thinking abilities. SLC 92Y 15-002. There is such a thing as too much information. The curriculum consists of three modules; leadership and management, training management and operational war fighting. As is the case with any skill set, schooling and education are essential. n. NCOs must submit current and last three copies of their APFTs/ACFT scoresheets. SLC (formally the Army Reconnaissance Course—ARC) instructed by Armor School cadre, is primarily focused on preparing 19-series officers and NCOs for leadership roles within cavalry organizations across the Army. CA forces must be capable of producing their own internal PIRs, which help inform decision-makers prior to a major trigger line and yet without overwhelming them with minutiae.